Factores que conforman la intención emprendedora de estudiantes de la Universidad de Guayaquil
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.23857/dc.v3i3.527Palabras clave:
Intención emprendedora, Ambientes universitarios, Autoeficiencia, Incentivo al emprendimiento.Resumen
En Ecuador el marco institucional es favorable a la generación de innovación desde las universidades, este trabajo aporta elementos sobre las actitudes y competencias emprendedoras de estudiantes de universitarios de grado y postgrado de la Universidad de Guayaquil. La encuesta se aplicó a una muestra representativa de estudiantes con interés emprendedor que debían responder preguntas sobre actitud hacia el emprendimiento, normas subjetivas, auto-eficacia e intención emprendedora en escala de Likert, basada en la propuesta de Alonso (2012). Los resultados sugieren que la intención emprendedora de estudiantes de grado y pregrado estó fundamentalmente moderada y mediada por la auto-eficiencia que es cercana a la acción, luego puede ser un indicador de intencionalidad emprendedora en los estudiantes universitarios. Esas acciones estón sujetas a las restricciones del entorno social que tienen efectos psicológicos directos sobre las conductas del emprendedor. Mientras que en la actitud se impone el carócter evaluador de los atributos o consecuencias de ejecutar la conducta emprendedora. Se sugieren algunas acciones a desarrollar por las autoridades desde los ómbitos universitarios para incentivar el emprendimiento y contribuir al desarrollo local.
Citas
Ajzen, I. (1987). Attitudes, traits, and actions: Dispositional prediction of behavior in personality and social psychology. En: L. Berkowitz (Ed.). Advances in experimental social psychology (pp. 1-63). California, Estados Unidos: Academic Press.
Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50(2), pp.179-211.
Ajzen, I. (2002). Perceived behavioral control, self-efficacy, locus of control, and the theory of planned Behavior1. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 32 (4), pp.665-683.
Ajzen, I. (2005). Attitudes, personality, and behavior (2da Ed.). Maidenhead, Berkshire, England; New York: Open University Press.
Ajzen, I. y Fishbein, M. (1980). Understanding attitudes and predicting social behavior. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall.
Alonso Galicia, Patricia Esther (2012). La configuración de la intención emprendedora entre acadí©micos responsables de proyectos de investigación en España. Un enfoque de gí©nero. Tesis Doctoral. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Empresariales. Universidad de Cantabria. En: http://www.tdx.cat/bitstream/handle/10803/96916/TesisPEAG.pdf;jsessionid=3144246F23B900027B18376D9D5B2F09?sequence=1
Armitage, C.J., Conner, M., Loach, J. y Willetts, D. (1999). Different perceptions of control: Applying an extended theory of planned behavior to legal and illegal drug use. Basic & Applied Social Psychology, 21 (4), pp: 301-316.
Bagozzi, R.P. (1980). Causal modeling in marketing. New York: Wiley & Sons.
Bandura, A. (1982). Self-efficacy mechanism in human agency. American Psychologist, 37(2), pp: 122-147.
Bandura, A. (2001). Social cognitive theory: An agentic perspective. Annual Review of Psychology, 52 (1), pp: one.
Baron, R.A. (2006). Opportunity recognition as pattern recognition: How entrepreneurs "connect the dots" to identify new business opportunities. Academy of Management Perspectives, 20(1), pp: 104-119.
Bird, B. (1988). Implementing entrepreneurial ideas: The case for intention. Academy of Management Review, 13(3), pp: 442-453.
Bird, B. y Jelinek, M. (1988). The operation of entrepreneurial intentions. Entrepreneurship: Theory & Practice, 13 (2), pp: 21-29.
Busenitz, L. W., Gómez, C. y Spencer, J. W. (2000). Country Institutional Profiles: Unlocking Entrepreneurial Phenomena. Academy of Management Journal 43 (5), pp: 994–1003.
Carland, J.W., Hoy, F. y Carland, J.A.C. (1988). "Who is an entrepreneur?" is a question worth asking. American Journal of Small Business, 12 (4), pp: 33-39.
Chattopadhyay, R. y Ghosh, A. (2008). Entrepreneurial intention model-based quantitative approach to estimate entrepreneurial success. Journal of Small Business and Entrepreneurship, 21(1), pp: one.
Cornelius, B., Landstrí¶m, H. y Persson, O. (2006). Entrepreneurial studies: The dynamic research front of a developing social science. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 30(3), pp: 375-398.
Clark, B.R. (2004). Sustaining change in universities. Maidenhead, England; New York: Society for Research into Higher Education & Open University Press.
Davidsson, P. (1995). Determinants of entrepreneurial intentions. Paper presented at the RENT IX Workshop. Piocenza, Italia, pp: 31.
De Noble, A. F., Jung, D. y Ehrlich, S.B. (1999). Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy: The Development of a Measure and its Relationship to Entrepreneurial Action. En Frontiers of Entrepreneurship Research 1999, editado por R.D. Reynolds, W.D. Bygrave, S. Manigart, C.M. Mason, G. D. Meyer, H. J. Sapienza, and K. G. Shaver, pp: 73–87. Waltham, MA: P&R Publications.
Díaz-Casero, J.C., Herández-Mogollón, R.M. y Urbano, D. (2005). Teoría económica institucional y creación de empresas. Investigaciones Europeas de Dirección y Economía de la Empresa, 11(3), pp: 209-230.
Douglas, E.J. y D.A. Shepherd (2002). Self-Employment as a Career Choicer: Attitudes, Entrepreneurial Intentions and Utility Maximization. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice 26 (3), pp: 81–90.
Fishbein, M. y Ajzen, I. (1975). Belief, attitude, intention and behavior: An introduction to theory and research. Reading, MA.: Addison-Wesley
Friedman, J. y Silberman, J. (2003). University technology transfer: Do incentives, management, and location matter? The Journal of Technology Transfer, 28 (1), pp: 17-30.
Gartner, W.B., Shaver, K.G., Gatewood, E. y Katz, J.A. (1994). Finding the entrepreneur in entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship: Theory & Practice, 18(3), pp: 5-9.
Kramer, M.R. (2005). Measuring Innovation: Evaluation in the Field of Social Entrepreneurship. Skoll Foundation, Palo Alto, CA.
Krueger, N.F. y Brazeal, D.V. (1994). Entrepreneurial potential and potential entrepreneurs. Entrepreneurship: Theory & Practice, 18(3), pp: 91-104.
Kuehn, K.W. (2008). Entrepreneurial intentions research: Implications for entrepreneurship education. Journal of Entrepreneurship Education, Volumen: (11),pp: 87-98.
Kurato, D.F. (2008). Entrepreneurship, theory, process, and practice (8va ed.) Cengage Learning.
Lee, S.H. y Wong, P.K. (2004). An exploratory study of technopreneurial intentions: A career anchor perspective. Journal of Business Venturing, 19(1), pp: 7-28.
Liñán, F. y Chen, Y. (2009). Development and cross-cultural application of a specific instrument to measure entrepreneurial intentions. Entrepreneurship: Theory & Practice, 33(3), pp: 593-617.
Martinelli, A. (2004). The social and institutional context of entrepreneurship. International studies in entrepreneurship. Springer US. Pp: 53-73.
Mitchell, R.K., Busenitz, L.W., Bird, B., Marie Gaglio, C., McMullen, J.S., Morse, E.A. y Smith, J.B. (2007). The central question in entrepreneurial cognition research 2007. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 31(1), pp:1-27.
Nunnally, J.C. (1978). Psychometric Theory. 2da Ed. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Robinson, P.B., Stimpson, D.V., Huefner, J.C. y Hunt, H.K. (1991). An attitude approach to the prediction of entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship: Theory & Practice, 15(4), pp: 13-31
.
SENPLADES (2009). Plan Nacional de Desarrollo Plan Nacional para el Buen Vivir 2009-2013: Construyendo un Estado Plurinacional e Intercultural. Quito, Ecuador. ISBN: 978-9978-92-794-6
Sequeira, J., Mueller, S.L. y McGee, J.E. (2007). The influence of social ties and self-efficacy in forming entrepreneurial intentions and motivating nascent behavior. Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship, 12(3), pp: 275-293.
Shane, S., Locke, E.A. y Collins, C.J. (2003). Entrepreneurial Motivation. Human Resource Management Review 13 (2), pp: 257–79.
Shapero, A. y Sokol, L. (1982). Social dimensions of entrepreneurship. En e.a. C.A. Kent (Ed.), the encyclopedia of entrepreneurship (pp. 72-90). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
Shaver, K.G. y Scott, L.R. (1991). Person, process, choice: The psychology of new venture creation Kelly G. Shaver. Entrepreneurship: Theory & Practice, 16(2), pp: 23-45.
Sheeran, P. (2002). Intention-behavior relations: A conceptual and empirical review. European Review of Social Psychology, 12, pp: 1-36.
Souitaris, V., Zerbinati, S. y Al-Laham, A. (2007). Do entrepreneurship programmers raise entrepreneurial intention of science and engineering students? The effect of learning, inspiration and resources. Journal of Business Venturing, 22(4), pp: 566-591.
Triandis, H.C. (1980). Values, attitudes and interpersonal behavior. Paper presented at the Nebraska Symposium on Motivation, Lincoln, NB. Volumen: 27, pp: 195-259.
Urban, B. (2013). Social Entrepreneurship in an Emerging Economy: A Focus on the Institutional Environment and Social Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy. Managing Global Transitions, 11 (1), pp: 3–25.
Veciana, J.M., Aponte, M. y Urbano, D. (2005). University students’ attitudes towards entrepreneurship: A two countries comparison. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 1(2), pp: 165-165-182.
Wood, M.S. (2011). A process model of academic entrepreneurship. Business Horizons, 54(2), pp: 153-161.
Zwick, W.R. & Velicer, W.F. (1986). Comparison of five rules for determining the number of components to retain. Psychological Bulletin, 99, pp: 432-442.
Descargas
Publicado
Cómo citar
Número
Sección
Licencia
Authors retain copyright and guarantee the Journal the right to be the first publication of the work. These are covered by a Creative Commons (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) license that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work authorship and the initial publication in this journal.
