Descarbonización costo?efectiva: evidencia global sobre estrategias para reducir la huella de carbono en sectores productivos
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.23857/dc.v12i2.4854Palabras clave:
Huella de carbono, reducción de costos, desarrollo sostenible, política ambiental, gestión de la energíaResumen
Este artículo analiza las estrategias más eficientes para reducir el costo de la huella de carbono en los sectores productivos, a partir de la pregunta sobre qué enfoques permiten conciliar descarbonización y viabilidad económica. Se aplicó una metodología en dos fases: una etapa heurística, basada en una búsqueda sistemática de 368 artículos indexados en Scopus con la ruta TITLE-ABS-KEY (“carbon footprint”) AND TITLE-ABS-KEY (“Cost Reduction”), y una etapa hermenéutica, en la que se realizó un análisis bibliométrico y de coocurrencia de términos mediante el software VOSviewer y las herramientas de análisis de la propia base de datos. Los resultados muestran un crecimiento acelerado de la producción científica desde 2020, una alta concentración de publicaciones en ingeniería, ciencias ambientales y energía, y la configuración de seis clústeres temáticos que articulan tecnologías energéticas y de captura de carbono, innovación en construcción sostenible, cadenas de suministro y vehículos eléctricos, optimización del consumo energético en microredes y centros de datos, materiales cementicios sostenibles y tratamiento de agua con enfoque de ciclo de vida. El argumento central del estudio sostiene que las estrategias costo?eficientes de reducción de la huella de carbono surgen de la combinación de innovaciones tecnológicas, capacidades organizacionales y mecanismos económicos, más que de intervenciones aisladas en un único nivel. Se concluye que el mapa temático obtenido aporta un marco integrador para orientar futuras investigaciones y decisiones de política pública y empresarial hacia una descarbonización económicamente sostenible y sectorialmente diferenciada.
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Derechos de autor 2026 Wilson Eduardo Jaramillo Sangurima

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