Avances en la generación eléctrica a partir de biomasa y biogás
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.23857/dc.v11i4.4573Palabras clave:
Biomasa, biogás, energías renovables, generación eléctricaResumen
El presente estudio tuvo como propósito sintetizar los avances recientes en la generación eléctrica a partir de biomasa y biogás, identificando las principales innovaciones tecnológicas, limitaciones y oportunidades de integración dentro del marco de transición energética global. Se buscó sintetizar la evidencia científica publicada entre 2019 y 2025 sobre eficiencia, escalabilidad y sostenibilidad de las tecnologías bioenergéticas. Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica sistemática de carácter no experimental, mediante búsquedas en las bases Scopus, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, IEEE Xplore y ResearchGate. Se aplicaron palabras clave combinadas con operadores booleanos en inglés y español, limitando la selección a artículos revisados por pares, con DOI y publicados en el periodo 2019–2025. Los hallazgos muestran una evolución notable en los procesos termoquímicos y bioquímicos, la gasificación avanzada y la co-combustión de biomasa sólida alcanzaron altos niveles de madurez técnica y potencial de escalabilidad, mientras que la digestión anaerobia optimizada y la co-digestión con residuos agroindustriales evidenciaron mejoras significativas en productividad energética; la ruta del biogás, potenciada por tecnologías de upgrading a biometano, se consolida como opción viable para generación eléctrica distribuida. Sin embargo, persisten desafíos asociados a la estandarización del gas, variabilidad del feedstock, costos de inversión (CAPEX/OPEX) y ausencia de marcos regulatorios robustos. La integración de biomasa y biogás en el mix eléctrico representa una vía estratégica para la descarbonización, la valorización de residuos y la seguridad energética regional. No obstante, la consolidación plena de estas tecnologías requiere fortalecer la eficiencia de conversión, la economía de escala y las políticas de incentivo. El estudio resalta la necesidad de mayor investigación aplicada sobre control de contaminantes, estabilidad de procesos y evaluación de ciclo de vida para garantizar sostenibilidad y competitividad global de la bioelectricidad.
Citas
Abouemara, K., Shahbaz, M., Mckay, G., & Al-Ansari, T. (2024). The review of power generation from integrated biomass gasification and solid oxide fuel cells: current status and future directions. Fuel, 360, 130511. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2023.130511
Aduba, J. J., Shimada, K., & Longfor, N. R. (2024). Harnessing biomass waste-to-energy for sustainable electricity generation: prospects, viability, and policy implications for low-carbon urban development. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy, 1-22. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10098-024-03039-y
Alengebawy, A., Ran, Y., Osman, A. I., Jin, K., Samer, M., & Ai, P. (2024). Anaerobic digestion of agricultural waste for biogas production and sustainable bioenergy recovery: a review. Environmental Chemistry Letters, 22(6), 2641-2668. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-024-01789-1
Ani, O. I., Aniokete, T., & Agbo, A. (2024). Assessing Potential of Biogas: Harnessing Sustainable Energy from Biomass for Renewable Solutions. Al-Rafidain Journal of Engineering Sciences, 330-349. https://doi.org/10.61268/q0b72g38
Archana, K., Visckram, A. S., Kumar, P. S., Manikandan, S., Saravanan, A., & Natrayan, L. (2024). A review on recent technological breakthroughs in anaerobic digestion of organic biowaste for biogas generation: Challenges towards sustainable development goals. Fuel, 358, 130298. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2023.130298
Aworanti, O. A., Ajani, A. O., Agbede, O. O., Agarry, S. E., Ogunkunle, O., Laseinde, O. T., ... & Fattah, I. M. R. (2023). Enhancing and upgrading biogas and biomethane production in anaerobic digestion: a comprehensive review. Frontiers in Energy Research, 11, 1170133. https://doi.org/10.3389/fenrg.2023.1170133
Balopi, B., Moyo, M., Gorimbo, J., & Liu, X. (2025). Biomass-to-electricity conversion technologies: a review. Waste Disposal & Sustainable Energy, 1-29. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42768-025-00226-5
Bui, V. G., & Bui, T. M. T. (2023). Concept of twining injector system for spark-ignition engine fueled with syngas-biogas-hydrogen operating in solar-biomass hybrid energy system. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 48(18), 6871-6890. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2022.11.076
Chen, L., He, P., Zou, J., Zhang, H., Peng, W., & Lü, F. (2025). Scalable and interpretable automated machine learning framework for biogas prediction, optimization, and stability monitoring in industrial-scale dry anaerobic digestion. Chemical Engineering Journal, 165482. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2025.165482
Costa, M., Piazzullo, D., Di Battista, D., & De Vita, A. (2022). Sustainability assessment of the whole biomass-to-energy chain of a combined heat and power plant based on biomass gasification: biomass supply chain management and life cycle assessment. Journal of Environmental Management, 317, 115434. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115434
Czubaszek, R., Wysocka-Czubaszek, A., & Banaszuk, P. (2022). Importance of feedstock in a small-scale agricultural biogas plant. Energies, 15(20), 7749. https://doi.org/10.3390/en15207749
Garkoti, P., & Thengane, S. K. (2025). Techno-economic and life cycle assessment of circular economy-based biogas plants for managing organic waste. Journal of Cleaner Production, 504, 145412. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2025.145412
Huang, X. (2024). The promotion of anaerobic digestion technology upgrades in waste stream treatment plants for circular economy in the context of “dual carbon”: Global status, development trend, and future challenges. Water, 16(24), 3718. https://doi.org/10.3390/w16243718
Hubbe, M. A., Cho, S. M., Poveda-Giraldo, J. A., Garcia-Vallejo, M. C., Yao, Y., Li, F., & Park, S. (2025). The Emerging Role of Biomass in Complementing a Renewable Energy Portfolio: A Review. BioResources, 20(3). https://doi.org/10.15376/biores.20.3.Hubbe
Josimovi?, L., Prvulovi?, S., Djordjevi?, L., Bicok, I., Bakator, M., Prem?evski, V., ... & Šeljmeši, D. (2024). Enhancing Biogas Plant Efficiency for the Production of Electrical and Thermal Energy. Applied Sciences, 14(13), 5858. https://doi.org/10.3390/app14135858
Kaur, S., Kumar, R., Singh, K., & Singh, S. (2025). Systematic review of hydrogen, biomass, biogas, and solar photovoltaics in hybrid renewable energy systems: Advancements, challenges, and future directions. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 137, 160-189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.04.525
Lackner, M., Fei, Q., Guo, S., Yang, N., Guan, X., & Hu, P. (2024). Biomass gasification as a scalable, green route to combined heat and power (CHP) and synthesis gas for materials: A review. Fuels, 5(4), 625-649. https://doi.org/10.3390/fuels5040034
Lefvert, A., & Grönkvist, S. (2024). Lost in the scenarios of negative emissions: The role of bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS). Energy Policy, 184, 113882. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2023.113882
López Francisco, A., Lago Rodríguez, T., Faraji Abdolmaleki, S., Galera Martínez, M., & Bello Bugallo, P. M. (2024). From Biogas to Biomethane: An In-Depth Review of Upgrading Technologies That Enhance Sustainability and Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions. Applied Sciences, 14(6), 2342. https://doi.org/10.3390/app14062342
Mertins, A., & Wawer, T. (2022). How to use biogas?: A systematic review of biogas utilization pathways and business models. Bioresources and Bioprocessing, 9(1), 59. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40643-022-00545-z
Rahmanta, M. A., Aprilana, A., Ruly, Cahyo, N., Hapsari, T. W. D., & Supriyanto, E. (2024). Techno-Economic and Environmental Impact of Biomass Co-Firing with Carbon Capture and Storage in Indonesian Power Plants. Sustainability, 16(8), 3423. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16083423
Zhakupov, D., Kulmukanova, L., Sarbassov, Y., & Shah, D. (2022). Flue gas analysis for biomass and coal co-firing in fluidized bed: process simulation and validation. International Journal of Coal Science & Technology, 9(1), 59. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40789-022-00531-y
Zhang, X., Li, H., & Taghavi, M. (2023). Exergoeconomic evaluation of a new carbon-free hydrogen and freshwater production system based on biomass gasification process. International Journal of Low-Carbon Technologies, 18, 589-599. https://doi.org/10.1093/ijlct/ctad012
Descargas
Publicado
Cómo citar
Número
Sección
Licencia
Derechos de autor 2025 Claudia María Solórzano Mendoza, Alberto Ricardo Delgado Revilla, Carlos Hugo Lozada Cabrera, Andrés Alexander De La Torre Macías
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución 4.0.
Authors retain copyright and guarantee the Journal the right to be the first publication of the work. These are covered by a Creative Commons (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) license that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work authorship and the initial publication in this journal.
