Fitoestrógenos VS Terapia Hormonal en la Menopausia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.23857/dc.v11i1.4216Palabras clave:
Estrógenos, fitoestrógenos, isoflavonas, menopausia, terapia hormonalResumen
La menopausia representa un periodo crucial en la vida de todas las mujeres, especialmente cuando se asocia a diversos síntomas que afectan su calidad de vida. Este artículo realiza una comparación entre la terapia hormonal (TH), considerada el estándar de oro, y los fitoestrógenos, compuestos naturales que imitan la acción estrogénica, evaluando su eficacia, seguridad y riesgos potenciales. A través de una revisión sistemática de la literatura, basada en la guía PRISMA, se analizaron 16 estudios seleccionados de un total inicial de 75 publicaciones. Los fitoestrógenos demostraron beneficios en la reducción de síntomas vasomotores, mejora de la calidad de vida y potenciales efectos protectores contra el cáncer de mama, con menor riesgo de efectos adversos en comparación con la TH. Sin embargo, presentan una acción más lenta y limitaciones en casos severos. Por su parte, la TH es eficaz para aliviar síntomas menopáusicos y proteger la salud ósea y cardiovascular, pero su uso prolongado se asocia con mayores riesgos de cáncer de mama y endometrio, accidentes cerebrovasculares y tromboembolismo venoso. Ambos tratamientos ofrecen beneficios y riesgos, destacando la importancia de una elección terapéutica individualizada según las características de cada paciente.
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Derechos de autor 2025 Lisbeth Esthefania Villacrés Chávez, Ariana Guadalupe Medina Chica, Valeria Stefania Arias Pruna
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