Utilización de sensores IoT para la automatización de sistemas de riego
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.23857/dc.v9i4.3691Palabras clave:
Sector agrícola, IoT, Hídricos, Revisión de literatura, Automatización de riegoResumen
La creciente escasez de agua está obligando al sector agrícola a implementar métodos más eficientes de riego. Los sistemas automatizados basados en IoT que emplean redes de sensores y modelos de requerimientos hídricos han demostrado reducir el uso de este recurso entre 20% a 40% frente a aproximaciones temporizadas. Sin embargo, los significativos costos de adopción y problemas técnicos obstaculizan su incorporación masiva, especialmente en países en vías de desarrollo. El presente artículo, mediante la revisión de literatura, analiza alternativas IoT para la automatización de riego en cultivos, considerando diferentes tecnologías. Los resultados evidencian el potencial de soluciones basadas en sensores de humedad de suelo, plataformas Arduino/Raspberry Pi y protocolos inalámbricos como Bluetooth o Zigbee para ensamblar sistemas funcionales a bajo precio. Así, las tecnologías IoT más accesibles podrían ayudar en los beneficios de los sistemas de riego, fomentando la tecnificación y uso sostenible del agua para riego en concordancia con necesidades locales.
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Derechos de autor 2023 Lenín Gustavo Viera Molina , Cristian Orlando Guilcaso Molina
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