Manejo y prevención por parte de los médicos sobre la toxicidad sintética de la anestesia local
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.23857/dc.v8i3.2903Palabras clave:
anestésico local, edema, urticaria, dermatitis, toxicidad, inyección intravascular.Resumen
El uso de anestésicos locales conduce a distintos espacios clínicos y por diferentes profesionales de la salud, especialmente médicos. Su administración estó relacionada a complicaciones de poca incidencia y usualmente produce sintomatología con menor riesgo como edema, urticaria y dermatitis, pero la intoxicación por anestésicos locales puede ser mortal. La manifestación clínica de esta complicación es muy atípica y comprende una gran aparición de signos y síntomas relacionados en su gran mayoría con la toxicidad neurológica y cardiovascular, incluyendo manifestaciones variables. La prevención de la toxicidad se fundamenta en razonar sobre los factores de riesgo para su presentación seleccionando cuidadosamente el anestésico local y la dosis a administrar, aspirar antes de inyectar, seccionar la dosis y el uso de marcadores de inyección intravascular y requiere un protocolo de actuación que siga un procedimiento preciso para el diagnóstico y tratamiento inmediato, que son esenciales para la recuperación completa del paciente.
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