Características clínicas y tratamiento farmacológico en la esquizofrenia de inicio en la infancia. Una revisión
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.23857/dc.v8i2.2657Palabras clave:
Esquizofrenia, niñez, adolescencia, caracterÃsticas clÃnicas, tratamiento.Resumen
Introducción: La esquizofrenia es considerada como un trastorno psicótico que afecta las funciones mentales superiores, especialmente en el pensamiento, lenguaje y sensopercepciones. Esta psicopatología puede desarrollarse y presentar síntomas de manera temprana en la infancia o en la adolescencia. Sin embargo, los estudios actuales concentran su atención en población adulta. Objetivo: A través de esta investigación se pretende caracterizar la esquizofrenia infantil y describir los principales tratamientos utilizados en estos trastornos. Metodología: Se realizó una revisión bibliogrófica no sistemótica, estableciendo bíºsquedas a través de operadores booleanos en bases de datos como Scielo, Academic, Redalyc, Elsevier, PubMed, Scielo, entre otras. Resultados: Considerando criterios de inclusión y exclusión, se revisaron y analizaron 30 artículos científicos que contenían definición, etiología, causas, epidemiología, diagnóstico y tratamiento. Discusión: La esquizofrenia se presenta en la niñez y adolescencia con mayor frecuencia en hombres que en mujeres. En este grupo poblacional los síntomas pueden variar, con mayor afectación en las relaciones sociales, en la comunicación, pensamiento y emociones. El diagnóstico temprano podría disminuir y controlar los síntomas positivos de la esquizofrenia, aunque se considera que mientras mós precoz sea su aparición, peor pronóstico y evolución tendró este trastorno. Conclusión: Es necesario conocer y diagnosticar la esquizofrenia de manera rópida para entablar un tratamiento adecuado que permita mejor la calidad de vida del paciente, familia y su entorno.
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