Incidencia de enterocolitis en niños recién nacidos alimentados precozmente
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.23857/dc.v7i4.2222Palabras clave:
Recién nacido, enterocolitis.Resumen
La enterocolitis es la causa mós frecuente de enfermedad gastrointestinal adquirida y emergencia quiríºrgica en el neonato; afecta predominantemente al pretérmino con muy bajo peso al nacer. La incidencia reportada varía de un país a otro de 5 a 15%. La patogénesis es multifactorial y aunque no estó claramente definida, se tiene la teoría de que la integridad del tracto gastrointestinal (TGI) se ve comprometida como resultado de la interacción de inmadurez intestinal, alteración de la microbiota, alimentación enteral e isquemia. La mortalidad continíºa siendo elevada (20-50%) a pesar de importantes avances en el cuidado del prematuro extremo. Las medidas preventivas utilizadas han mostrado un gran impacto sobre la incidencia y morbilidad de la enterocolitis. Los sobrevivientes pueden tener complicaciones y secuelas a corto y largo plazo, como sepsis, colestasis, desnutrición extrauterina, síndrome de intestino corto y alteraciones en el crecimiento y neurodesarrollo (35%).Citas
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